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一、通風管道核心知識

1、 Core knowledge of ventilation ducts

主要類型

Main types

矩形風管：空間利用率高，適用于建筑層高受限場景（如商場、辦公樓）。

Rectangular duct: With high space utilization, it is suitable for scenarios with limited building height, such as shopping malls and office buildings.

圓形風管：氣流阻力小，適合長距離送風或高壓系統（如工業排風）。

Circular duct: with low airflow resistance, suitable for long-distance air supply or high-pressure systems (such as industrial exhaust).

螺旋風管：自帶加強筋，強度高且漏風率低，常見于潔凈室或實驗室。

Spiral air duct: equipped with reinforcing ribs, high strength and low air leakage rate, commonly found in clean rooms or laboratories.

軟管風管：柔性可彎曲，用于臨時通風或設備連接（如施工排煙）。

Flexible hose duct: Flexible and bendable, used for temporary ventilation or equipment connection (such as construction smoke exhaust).

材質選擇

Material selection

鍍鋅鋼板：經濟耐用，需防潮處理（適用80%常規場景）。

Galvanized steel plate: economical and durable, requiring moisture-proof treatment (suitable for 80% of conventional scenarios).

不銹鋼：耐腐蝕、耐高溫，用于廚房排煙、化工廠等特殊環境。

Stainless steel: corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant, used in special environments such as kitchen smoke exhaust and chemical plants.

玻璃鋼（FRP）：抗酸堿、絕緣，適合實驗室或沿海高鹽霧區域。

Fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP): resistant to acid and alkali, insulated, suitable for laboratories or high salt spray areas along the coast.

復合風管（酚醛/聚氨酯）：保溫隔音一體化，用于醫院、數據中心等靜壓箱需求場景。

Composite air duct (phenolic/polyurethane): Integrated insulation and sound insulation, used in static pressure box demand scenarios such as hospitals and data centers.

關鍵參數

key parameter 

風速控制：主風管8-12m/s（民用），15-20m/s（工業）；支管5-8m/s。

Wind speed control: main air duct 8-12m/s (civilian), 15-20m/s (industrial); Branch pipe 5-8m/s.

壓力等級：低壓（≤500Pa）、中壓（500-1500Pa）、高壓（>1500Pa）。

Pressure rating: low pressure (≤ 500Pa), medium pressure (500-1500Pa), high pressure (>1500Pa).

二、設計規范與標準

2、 Design specifications and standards

中國標準

Chinese standards

《GB 50243-2016 通風與空調工程施工質量驗收規范》

GB 50243-2016 Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Ventilation and Air Conditioning Engineering

《GB 50736-2012 民用建筑供暖通風與空氣調節設計規范》

GB 50736-2012 Design Code for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning of Civil Buildings

國際參考

International reference

SMACNA（美國鈑金與空調承包商協會）：風管制作與安裝細則

SMACNA (Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors Association): Guidelines for Duct Manufacturing and Installation

ASHRAE Handbook：通風系統設計參數與能效指南

ASHRAE Handbook： Guidelines for Design Parameters and Energy Efficiency of Ventilation Systems

三、安裝技術要點

3、 Key points of installation technology

施工原則

Construction principles

優先布置主干管，減少彎頭與變徑（彎頭曲率半徑≥1.5倍管徑）。

Prioritize the arrangement of main pipes and reduce bends and diameter changes (bend curvature radius ≥ 1.5 times the pipe diameter).

與電纜橋架間距≥0.3m，交叉時風管在上方（防止冷凝水滴落）。

The distance between the cable tray and the air duct should be ≥ 0.3m, and the air duct should be above when crossing (to prevent condensation water droplets from falling).

連接方式

Connection method

法蘭連接：高壓系統首選，需密封膠條+螺栓緊固。

Flange connection: preferred for high-pressure systems, requiring sealing strips and bolt fastening.

插接式：快速安裝，適用于低壓復合風管。

Plug in type: quick installation, suitable for low-pressure composite air ducts.

焊接：不銹鋼風管特殊節點處理（如排煙系統高溫段）。

Welding: Special node treatment for stainless steel air ducts (such as high-temperature sections of smoke exhaust systems).

減震與保溫

Shock absorption and insulation

風機進出口設軟連接（防火帆布或橡膠），支架加裝減震墊。

Install soft connections (fireproof canvas or rubber) at the inlet and outlet of the fan, and install shock-absorbing pads on the bracket.

保溫層厚度按防結露計算（如南方地區≥30mm橡塑保溫）。

The thickness of the insulation layer is calculated based on anti condensation measures (such as rubber insulation with a thickness of ≥ 30mm in southern regions).

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